shplemini.test.cpp

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#include "shplemini.hpp"
#include "../commitment_key.test.hpp"
#include "../gemini/gemini.hpp"
#include "../kzg/kzg.hpp"
#include "../shplonk/shplonk.hpp"
#include "../utils/batch_mul_native.hpp"
#include "barretenberg/commitment_schemes/ipa/ipa.hpp"
#include "barretenberg/commitment_schemes/small_subgroup_ipa/small_subgroup_ipa.hpp"
#include "barretenberg/commitment_schemes/utils/mock_witness_generator.hpp"
#include "barretenberg/commitment_schemes/utils/test_settings.hpp"
#include "barretenberg/ecc/curves/bn254/g1.hpp"
#include "barretenberg/sumcheck/sumcheck.hpp"
 
#include <gtest/gtest.h>
#include <vector>
 
namespace bb {
 
template <class Flavor> class ShpleminiTest : public CommitmentTest<typename Flavor::Curve> {
  public:
    // Size of the test polynomials
    static constexpr size_t log_n = 9;
    static constexpr size_t n = 1UL << log_n;
    // Total number of random polynomials in each test
    static constexpr size_t num_polynomials = 7;
    // Number of shiftable polynomials
    static constexpr size_t num_shiftable = 2;
 
    // The length of the mock sumcheck univariates.
    static constexpr size_t sumcheck_univariate_length = 24;
 
    using Fr = typename Flavor::Curve::ScalarField;
    using GroupElement = typename Flavor::Curve::Element;
    using Commitment = typename Flavor::Curve::AffineElement;
    using CK = typename Flavor::CommitmentKey;
    using IPA = IPA<typename Flavor::Curve, log_n>;
 
    // Witness polynomials array: [0]=Concatenated(G), [1]=GrandSum(A), [2]=unused, [3]=Quotient(Q)
    enum class TamperedPolynomial : size_t { None = SIZE_MAX, Concatenated = 0, GrandSum = 1, Quotient = 3 };
 
    // libra_commitments array: [0]=Concatenated, [1]=GrandSum, [2]=Quotient
    enum class TamperedCommitment : size_t { None = SIZE_MAX, Concatenated = 0, GrandSum = 1, Quotient = 2 };
};
 
using TestSettings = ::testing::Types<BN254Settings, GrumpkinSettings>;
 
TYPED_TEST_SUITE(ShpleminiTest, TestSettings);
 
// Non-template test fixture for KZG-specific tests
class ShpleminiKZGTest : public CommitmentTest<curve::BN254> {
  public:
    static constexpr size_t log_n = 9;
    static constexpr size_t n = 1UL << log_n;
};
 
// This test checks that batch_multivariate_opening_claims method operates correctly
TYPED_TEST(ShpleminiTest, CorrectnessOfMultivariateClaimBatching)
{
    using Curve = typename TypeParam::Curve;
    using Fr = typename Curve::ScalarField;
    using GroupElement = typename Curve::Element;
    using Commitment = typename Curve::AffineElement;
    using CK = typename TypeParam::CommitmentKey;
 
    CK ck = create_commitment_key<CK>(this->n);
 
    // Generate mock challenges
    Fr rho = Fr::random_element();
    Fr gemini_eval_challenge = Fr::random_element();
    Fr shplonk_batching_challenge = Fr::random_element();
    Fr shplonk_eval_challenge = Fr::random_element();
 
    // Generate multilinear polynomials and compute their commitments
    auto mle_opening_point = this->random_evaluation_point(this->log_n);
 
    MockClaimGenerator<Curve> mock_claims(this->n,
                                          /*num_polynomials*/ this->num_polynomials,
                                          /*num_to_be_shifted*/ this->num_shiftable,
                                          mle_opening_point,
                                          ck);
 
    // Collect multilinear evaluations
    std::vector<Fr> rhos = gemini::powers_of_rho(rho, this->num_polynomials + this->num_shiftable);
 
    // Lambda to compute batched multivariate evaluation
    auto update_batched_eval = [&](Fr& batched_eval, const std::vector<Fr>& evaluations, Fr& rho_power) {
        for (auto& eval : evaluations) {
            batched_eval += eval * rho_power;
            rho_power *= rho;
        }
    };
 
    Fr rho_power(1);
    Fr batched_evaluation(0);
    update_batched_eval(batched_evaluation, mock_claims.unshifted.evals, rho_power);
    update_batched_eval(batched_evaluation, mock_claims.to_be_shifted.evals, rho_power);
 
    // Lambda to compute batched commitment
    auto compute_batched_commitment = [&](const std::vector<Commitment>& commitments, Fr& rho_power) {
        GroupElement batched = GroupElement::zero();
        for (auto& comm : commitments) {
            batched += comm * rho_power;
            rho_power *= rho;
        }
        return batched;
    };
 
    // Compute batched commitments manually
    rho_power = Fr(1);
    GroupElement batched_commitment_unshifted =
        compute_batched_commitment(mock_claims.unshifted.commitments, rho_power);
    GroupElement batched_commitment_to_be_shifted =
        compute_batched_commitment(mock_claims.to_be_shifted.commitments, rho_power);
 
    // Compute expected result manually
    GroupElement to_be_shifted_contribution = batched_commitment_to_be_shifted * gemini_eval_challenge.invert();
 
    GroupElement commitment_to_univariate_pos = batched_commitment_unshifted + to_be_shifted_contribution;
 
    GroupElement commitment_to_univariate_neg = batched_commitment_unshifted - to_be_shifted_contribution;
 
    GroupElement expected_result =
        commitment_to_univariate_pos * (shplonk_eval_challenge - gemini_eval_challenge).invert() +
        commitment_to_univariate_neg *
            (shplonk_batching_challenge * (shplonk_eval_challenge + gemini_eval_challenge).invert());
 
    // Run the ShepliminiVerifier batching method
    std::vector<Commitment> commitments;
    std::vector<Fr> scalars;
    Fr verifier_batched_evaluation{ 0 };
 
    Fr inverted_vanishing_eval_pos = (shplonk_eval_challenge - gemini_eval_challenge).invert();
    Fr inverted_vanishing_eval_neg = (shplonk_eval_challenge + gemini_eval_challenge).invert();
 
    std::vector<Fr> inverted_vanishing_evals = { inverted_vanishing_eval_pos, inverted_vanishing_eval_neg };
 
    mock_claims.claim_batcher.compute_scalars_for_each_batch(
        inverted_vanishing_evals, shplonk_batching_challenge, gemini_eval_challenge);
 
    mock_claims.claim_batcher.update_batch_mul_inputs_and_batched_evaluation(
        commitments, scalars, verifier_batched_evaluation, rho);
 
    // Final pairing check
    GroupElement shplemini_result = batch_mul_native<Curve>(commitments, scalars);
 
    EXPECT_EQ(commitments.size(),
              mock_claims.unshifted.commitments.size() + mock_claims.to_be_shifted.commitments.size());
    EXPECT_EQ(batched_evaluation, verifier_batched_evaluation);
    EXPECT_EQ(-expected_result, shplemini_result);
}
TYPED_TEST(ShpleminiTest, CorrectnessOfGeminiClaimBatching)
{
    using Curve = TypeParam::Curve;
    using GeminiProver = GeminiProver_<Curve>;
    using ShpleminiVerifier = ShpleminiVerifier_<Curve>;
    using ShplonkVerifier = ShplonkVerifier_<Curve>;
    using Fr = typename Curve::ScalarField;
    using GroupElement = typename Curve::Element;
    using Commitment = typename Curve::AffineElement;
    using Polynomial = typename bb::Polynomial<Fr>;
    using CK = typename TypeParam::CommitmentKey;
 
    CK ck = create_commitment_key<CK>(this->n);
 
    // Generate mock challenges
    Fr rho = Fr::random_element();
    Fr gemini_eval_challenge = Fr::random_element();
    Fr shplonk_batching_challenge = Fr::random_element();
 
    std::vector<Fr> shplonk_batching_challenge_powers =
        compute_shplonk_batching_challenge_powers(shplonk_batching_challenge, this->log_n);
 
    Fr shplonk_eval_challenge = Fr::random_element();
 
    std::vector<Fr> mle_opening_point = this->random_evaluation_point(this->log_n);
 
    MockClaimGenerator<Curve> mock_claims(this->n,
                                          /*num_polynomials*/ this->num_polynomials,
                                          /*num_to_be_shifted*/ this->num_shiftable,
                                          mle_opening_point,
                                          ck);
 
    // Collect multilinear evaluations
    std::vector<Fr> rhos = gemini::powers_of_rho(rho, this->num_polynomials + this->num_shiftable);
 
    Polynomial batched = mock_claims.polynomial_batcher.compute_batched(rho);
 
    // Compute:
    // - (d+1) opening pairs: {r, \hat{a}_0}, {-r^{2^i}, a_i}, i = 0, ..., d-1
    // - (d+1) Fold polynomials Fold_{r}^(0), Fold_{-r}^(0), and Fold^(i), i = 0, ..., d-1
    auto fold_polynomials = GeminiProver::compute_fold_polynomials(this->log_n, mle_opening_point, batched);
 
    std::vector<Commitment> prover_commitments;
    for (size_t l = 0; l < this->log_n - 1; ++l) {
        auto commitment = ck.commit(fold_polynomials[l]);
        prover_commitments.emplace_back(commitment);
    }
 
    auto [A_0_pos, A_0_neg] =
        mock_claims.polynomial_batcher.compute_partially_evaluated_batch_polynomials(gemini_eval_challenge);
 
    const auto opening_claims = GeminiProver::construct_univariate_opening_claims(
        this->log_n, std::move(A_0_pos), std::move(A_0_neg), std::move(fold_polynomials), gemini_eval_challenge);
 
    std::vector<Fr> prover_evaluations;
    for (size_t l = 0; l < this->log_n; ++l) {
        const auto& evaluation = opening_claims[l + 1].opening_pair.evaluation;
        prover_evaluations.emplace_back(evaluation);
    }
 
    std::vector<Fr> r_squares = gemini::powers_of_evaluation_challenge(gemini_eval_challenge, this->log_n);
 
    GroupElement expected_result = GroupElement::zero();
    std::vector<Fr> expected_inverse_vanishing_evals;
    expected_inverse_vanishing_evals.reserve(2 * this->log_n);
    // Compute expected inverses
    for (size_t idx = 0; idx < this->log_n; idx++) {
        expected_inverse_vanishing_evals.emplace_back((shplonk_eval_challenge - r_squares[idx]).invert());
        expected_inverse_vanishing_evals.emplace_back((shplonk_eval_challenge + r_squares[idx]).invert());
    }
 
    Fr current_challenge{ shplonk_batching_challenge * shplonk_batching_challenge };
    for (size_t idx = 0; idx < prover_commitments.size(); ++idx) {
        expected_result -= prover_commitments[idx] * current_challenge * expected_inverse_vanishing_evals[2 * idx + 2];
        current_challenge *= shplonk_batching_challenge;
        expected_result -= prover_commitments[idx] * current_challenge * expected_inverse_vanishing_evals[2 * idx + 3];
        current_challenge *= shplonk_batching_challenge;
    }
 
    // Run the ShepliminiVerifier batching method
    std::vector<Fr> inverse_vanishing_evals =
        ShplonkVerifier::compute_inverted_gemini_denominators(shplonk_eval_challenge, r_squares);
 
    Fr expected_constant_term_accumulator{ 0 };
    std::vector<Fr> padding_indicator_array(this->log_n, Fr{ 1 });
 
    std::vector<Fr> gemini_fold_pos_evaluations =
        GeminiVerifier_<Curve>::compute_fold_pos_evaluations(padding_indicator_array,
                                                             expected_constant_term_accumulator,
                                                             mle_opening_point,
                                                             r_squares,
                                                             prover_evaluations,
                                                             expected_constant_term_accumulator);
    std::vector<Commitment> commitments;
    std::vector<Fr> scalars;
 
    ShpleminiVerifier::batch_gemini_claims_received_from_prover(padding_indicator_array,
                                                                prover_commitments,
                                                                prover_evaluations,
                                                                gemini_fold_pos_evaluations,
                                                                inverse_vanishing_evals,
                                                                shplonk_batching_challenge_powers,
                                                                commitments,
                                                                scalars,
                                                                expected_constant_term_accumulator);
 
    // Compute the group element using the output of Shplemini method
    GroupElement shplemini_result = batch_mul_native<Curve>(commitments, scalars);
 
    EXPECT_EQ(shplemini_result, expected_result);
}
 
TYPED_TEST(ShpleminiTest, ShpleminiZKNoSumcheckOpenings)
{
    using ZKData = ZKSumcheckData<TypeParam>;
    using Curve = TypeParam::Curve;
    using ShpleminiProver = ShpleminiProver_<Curve>;
    constexpr bool HasZK = true;
    using ShpleminiVerifier = ShpleminiVerifier_<Curve, HasZK>;
    using Fr = typename Curve::ScalarField;
    using Commitment = typename Curve::AffineElement;
    using CK = typename TypeParam::CommitmentKey;
 
    // Initialize transcript and commitment key
    auto prover_transcript = TypeParam::Transcript::prover_init_empty();
 
    // SmallSubgroupIPAProver requires at least CURVE::SUBGROUP_SIZE + 3 elements in the ck.
    static constexpr size_t log_subgroup_size = static_cast<size_t>(numeric::get_msb(Curve::SUBGROUP_SIZE));
    CK ck = create_commitment_key<CK>(std::max<size_t>(this->n, 1ULL << (log_subgroup_size + 1)));
 
    // Generate Libra polynomials, compute masked concatenated Libra polynomial, commit to it
    ZKData zk_sumcheck_data(this->log_n, prover_transcript, ck);
 
    // Generate multivariate challenge
    std::vector<Fr> mle_opening_point = this->random_evaluation_point(this->log_n);
 
    // Generate random prover polynomials, compute their evaluations and commitments
    MockClaimGenerator<Curve> mock_claims(this->n,
                                          /*num_polynomials*/ this->num_polynomials,
                                          /*num_to_be_shifted*/ this->num_shiftable,
                                          mle_opening_point,
                                          ck);
 
    // Compute the sum of the Libra constant term and Libra univariates evaluated at Sumcheck challenges
    const Fr claimed_inner_product = SmallSubgroupIPAProver<TypeParam>::compute_claimed_inner_product(
        zk_sumcheck_data, mle_opening_point, this->log_n);
 
    prover_transcript->send_to_verifier("Libra:claimed_evaluation", claimed_inner_product);
 
    // Instantiate SmallSubgroupIPAProver, this prover sends commitments to Big Sum and Quotient polynomials
    SmallSubgroupIPAProver<TypeParam> small_subgroup_ipa_prover(
        zk_sumcheck_data, mle_opening_point, claimed_inner_product, prover_transcript, ck);
    small_subgroup_ipa_prover.prove();
 
    // Reduce to KZG or IPA based on the curve used in the test Flavor
    const auto opening_claim = ShpleminiProver::prove(this->n,
                                                      mock_claims.polynomial_batcher,
                                                      mle_opening_point,
                                                      ck,
                                                      prover_transcript,
                                                      small_subgroup_ipa_prover.get_witness_polynomials());
 
    if constexpr (std::is_same_v<TypeParam, GrumpkinSettings>) {
        TestFixture::IPA::compute_opening_proof(this->ck(), opening_claim, prover_transcript);
    } else {
        KZG<Curve>::compute_opening_proof(this->ck(), opening_claim, prover_transcript);
    }
 
    // Initialize verifier's transcript
    auto verifier_transcript = NativeTranscript::verifier_init_empty(prover_transcript);
 
    // Start populating Verifier's array of Libra commitments
    std::array<Commitment, NUM_LIBRA_COMMITMENTS> libra_commitments = {};
    libra_commitments[0] =
        verifier_transcript->template receive_from_prover<Commitment>("Libra:concatenation_commitment");
 
    // Place Libra data to the transcript
    const Fr libra_total_sum = verifier_transcript->template receive_from_prover<Fr>("Libra:Sum");
    const Fr libra_challenge = verifier_transcript->template get_challenge<Fr>("Libra:Challenge");
    const Fr libra_evaluation = verifier_transcript->template receive_from_prover<Fr>("Libra:claimed_evaluation");
 
    // Check that transcript is consistent
    EXPECT_EQ(libra_total_sum, zk_sumcheck_data.libra_total_sum);
    EXPECT_EQ(libra_challenge, zk_sumcheck_data.libra_challenge);
    EXPECT_EQ(libra_evaluation, claimed_inner_product);
 
    // Finalize the array of Libra/SmallSubgroupIpa commitments
    libra_commitments[1] = verifier_transcript->template receive_from_prover<Commitment>("Libra:grand_sum_commitment");
    libra_commitments[2] = verifier_transcript->template receive_from_prover<Commitment>("Libra:quotient_commitment");
 
    // Run Shplemini
    std::vector<Fr> padding_indicator_array(this->log_n, Fr{ 1 });
 
    auto [batch_opening_claim, consistency_checked] =
        ShpleminiVerifier::compute_batch_opening_claim(padding_indicator_array,
                                                       mock_claims.claim_batcher,
                                                       mle_opening_point,
                                                       this->vk().get_g1_identity(),
                                                       verifier_transcript,
                                                       {},
                                                       libra_commitments,
                                                       libra_evaluation);
    // Verify claim using KZG or IPA
    if constexpr (std::is_same_v<TypeParam, GrumpkinSettings>) {
        auto result =
            TestFixture::IPA::reduce_verify_batch_opening_claim(batch_opening_claim, this->vk(), verifier_transcript);
        EXPECT_EQ(result, true);
    } else {
        const auto pairing_points =
            KZG<Curve>::reduce_verify_batch_opening_claim(std::move(batch_opening_claim), verifier_transcript);
        // Final pairing check: e([Q] - [Q_z] + z[W], [1]_2) = e([W], [x]_2)
        EXPECT_EQ(this->vk().pairing_check(pairing_points[0], pairing_points[1]), true);
    }
    EXPECT_EQ(consistency_checked, true);
}
 
TYPED_TEST(ShpleminiTest, ShpleminiZKWithSumcheckOpenings)
{
    using Curve = TypeParam::Curve;
    using Fr = typename Curve::ScalarField;
    using Commitment = typename Curve::AffineElement;
    using CK = typename TypeParam::CommitmentKey;
 
    using ShpleminiProver = ShpleminiProver_<Curve>;
    constexpr bool HasZK = true;
    using ShpleminiVerifier = ShpleminiVerifier_<Curve, HasZK>;
 
    CK ck = create_commitment_key<CK>(4096);
 
    // Generate Sumcheck challenge
    std::vector<Fr> challenge = this->random_evaluation_point(this->log_n);
 
    auto prover_transcript = TypeParam::Transcript::prover_init_empty();
 
    // Generate masking polynomials for Sumcheck Round Univariates
    ZKSumcheckData<TypeParam> zk_sumcheck_data(this->log_n, prover_transcript, ck);
    // Generate mock witness
    MockClaimGenerator<Curve> mock_claims(this->n, 1);
 
    // Generate valid sumcheck polynomials of given length
    mock_claims.template compute_sumcheck_opening_data<TypeParam>(
        this->log_n, this->sumcheck_univariate_length, challenge, ck);
 
    // Compute the sum of the Libra constant term and Libra univariates evaluated at Sumcheck challenges
    const Fr claimed_inner_product =
        SmallSubgroupIPAProver<TypeParam>::compute_claimed_inner_product(zk_sumcheck_data, challenge, this->log_n);
 
    prover_transcript->send_to_verifier("Libra:claimed_evaluation", claimed_inner_product);
 
    // Instantiate SmallSubgroupIPAProver, this prover sends commitments to Big Sum and Quotient polynomials
    SmallSubgroupIPAProver<TypeParam> small_subgroup_ipa_prover(
        zk_sumcheck_data, challenge, claimed_inner_product, prover_transcript, ck);
    small_subgroup_ipa_prover.prove();
 
    // Reduce proving to a single claimed fed to KZG or IPA
    const auto opening_claim = ShpleminiProver::prove(this->n,
                                                      mock_claims.polynomial_batcher,
                                                      challenge,
                                                      ck,
                                                      prover_transcript,
                                                      small_subgroup_ipa_prover.get_witness_polynomials(),
                                                      mock_claims.round_univariates,
                                                      mock_claims.sumcheck_evaluations);
 
    if constexpr (std::is_same_v<TypeParam, GrumpkinSettings>) {
        TestFixture::IPA::compute_opening_proof(this->ck(), opening_claim, prover_transcript);
    } else {
        KZG<Curve>::compute_opening_proof(this->ck(), opening_claim, prover_transcript);
    }
 
    // Initialize verifier's transcript
    auto verifier_transcript = NativeTranscript::verifier_init_empty(prover_transcript);
 
    std::array<Commitment, NUM_LIBRA_COMMITMENTS> libra_commitments = {};
    libra_commitments[0] =
        verifier_transcript->template receive_from_prover<Commitment>("Libra:concatenation_commitment");
 
    // Place Libra data to the transcript
    const Fr libra_total_sum = verifier_transcript->template receive_from_prover<Fr>("Libra:Sum");
    const Fr libra_challenge = verifier_transcript->template get_challenge<Fr>("Libra:Challenge");
    const Fr libra_evaluation = verifier_transcript->template receive_from_prover<Fr>("Libra:claimed_evaluation");
 
    // Check that transcript is consistent
    EXPECT_EQ(libra_total_sum, zk_sumcheck_data.libra_total_sum);
    EXPECT_EQ(libra_challenge, zk_sumcheck_data.libra_challenge);
    EXPECT_EQ(libra_evaluation, claimed_inner_product);
 
    // Finalize the array of Libra/SmallSubgroupIpa commitments
    libra_commitments[1] = verifier_transcript->template receive_from_prover<Commitment>("Libra:grand_sum_commitment");
    libra_commitments[2] = verifier_transcript->template receive_from_prover<Commitment>("Libra:quotient_commitment");
 
    // Run Shplemini
    std::vector<Fr> padding_indicator_array(this->log_n, Fr{ 1 });
 
    auto batch_opening_claim = ShpleminiVerifier::compute_batch_opening_claim(padding_indicator_array,
                                                                              mock_claims.claim_batcher,
                                                                              challenge,
                                                                              this->vk().get_g1_identity(),
                                                                              verifier_transcript,
                                                                              {},
                                                                              libra_commitments,
                                                                              libra_evaluation,
                                                                              mock_claims.sumcheck_commitments,
                                                                              mock_claims.sumcheck_evaluations)
                                   .batch_opening_claim;
    // Verify claim using KZG or IPA
    if constexpr (std::is_same_v<TypeParam, GrumpkinSettings>) {
        auto result =
            TestFixture::IPA::reduce_verify_batch_opening_claim(batch_opening_claim, this->vk(), verifier_transcript);
        EXPECT_EQ(result, true);
    } else {
        const auto pairing_points =
            KZG<Curve>::reduce_verify_batch_opening_claim(std::move(batch_opening_claim), verifier_transcript);
        // Final pairing check: e([Q] - [Q_z] + z[W], [1]_2) = e([W], [x]_2)
        EXPECT_EQ(this->vk().pairing_check(pairing_points[0], pairing_points[1]), true);
    }
}
 
TYPED_TEST(ShpleminiTest, HighDegreeAttackAccept)
{
    using Curve = typename TypeParam::Curve;
    using Fr = typename Curve::ScalarField;
    using CK = typename TypeParam::CommitmentKey;
    using ShpleminiProver = ShpleminiProver_<Curve>;
    using ShpleminiVerifier = ShpleminiVerifier_<Curve>;
    using Polynomial = bb::Polynomial<Fr>;
 
    // Use the fixture's n (1 << 9 = 512) as the polynomial size
    // small_log_n = 3 means we fold to a constant after 3 rounds
    static constexpr size_t small_log_n = 3;
    CK ck = create_commitment_key<CK>(this->n);
 
    // Sample public opening point (u_0, u_1, u_2)
    auto u = this->random_evaluation_point(small_log_n);
 
    // Choose a claimed eval at `u`
    Fr claimed_multilinear_eval = Fr::random_element();
 
    // poly is of high degrees (up to n), as the SRS allows for it
    Polynomial poly(this->n);
 
    // Define poly to be of a specific form such that after small_log_n folds with u, it becomes a constant equal to
    // claimed_multilinear_eval. The non-zero coefficients are at indices that fold correctly.
    // For n = 512, small_log_n = 3: indices 4, 504, 508 work (instead of 4, 4088, 4092 for n = 4096)
    const Fr tail = ((Fr(1) - u[0]) * (Fr(1) - u[1])).invert();
    poly.at(4) = claimed_multilinear_eval * tail / u[2];
    poly.at(this->n - 8) = tail;                          // 504 for n=512
    poly.at(this->n - 4) = -tail * (Fr(1) - u[2]) / u[2]; // 508 for n=512
 
    MockClaimGenerator<Curve> mock_claims(
        this->n, std::vector{ std::move(poly) }, std::vector<Fr>{ claimed_multilinear_eval }, ck);
 
    auto prover_transcript = NativeTranscript::prover_init_empty();
 
    // Run Shplemini prover
    const auto opening_claim =
        ShpleminiProver::prove(this->n, mock_claims.polynomial_batcher, u, ck, prover_transcript);
 
    // Run KZG/IPA prover
    if constexpr (std::is_same_v<TypeParam, GrumpkinSettings>) {
        TestFixture::IPA::compute_opening_proof(ck, opening_claim, prover_transcript);
    } else {
        KZG<Curve>::compute_opening_proof(ck, opening_claim, prover_transcript);
    }
 
    // Verifier side
    auto verifier_transcript = NativeTranscript::verifier_init_empty(prover_transcript);
 
    std::vector<Fr> padding_indicator_array(small_log_n, Fr{ 1 });
 
    auto batch_opening_claim =
        ShpleminiVerifier::compute_batch_opening_claim(
            padding_indicator_array, mock_claims.claim_batcher, u, this->vk().get_g1_identity(), verifier_transcript)
            .batch_opening_claim;
 
    // Verify claim - should succeed because the polynomial was crafted to fold correctly
    if constexpr (std::is_same_v<TypeParam, GrumpkinSettings>) {
        auto result =
            TestFixture::IPA::reduce_verify_batch_opening_claim(batch_opening_claim, this->vk(), verifier_transcript);
        EXPECT_EQ(result, true);
    } else {
        const auto pairing_points =
            KZG<Curve>::reduce_verify_batch_opening_claim(std::move(batch_opening_claim), verifier_transcript);
        EXPECT_EQ(this->vk().pairing_check(pairing_points[0], pairing_points[1]), true);
    }
}
 
TYPED_TEST(ShpleminiTest, HighDegreeAttackReject)
{
    using Curve = typename TypeParam::Curve;
    using Fr = typename Curve::ScalarField;
    using CK = typename TypeParam::CommitmentKey;
    using ShpleminiProver = ShpleminiProver_<Curve>;
    using ShpleminiVerifier = ShpleminiVerifier_<Curve>;
    using Polynomial = bb::Polynomial<Fr>;
 
    // Use a larger SRS size to allow committing to high degree polynomials
    static constexpr size_t big_n = 1UL << 12;
    static constexpr size_t small_log_n = 3;
    static constexpr size_t big_ck_size = 1 << 14;
    CK ck = create_commitment_key<CK>(big_ck_size);
 
    // Random high degree polynomial
    Polynomial poly = Polynomial::random(big_n);
 
    // Sample public opening point (u_0, u_1, u_2)
    auto u = this->random_evaluation_point(small_log_n);
 
    // Choose a random claimed eval at `u` (likely wrong)
    Fr claimed_multilinear_eval = Fr::random_element();
 
    MockClaimGenerator<Curve> mock_claims(
        big_n, std::vector{ std::move(poly) }, std::vector<Fr>{ claimed_multilinear_eval }, ck);
 
    auto prover_transcript = NativeTranscript::prover_init_empty();
 
    // Run Shplemini prover
    const auto opening_claim = ShpleminiProver::prove(big_n, mock_claims.polynomial_batcher, u, ck, prover_transcript);
 
    // Run KZG/IPA prover
    if constexpr (std::is_same_v<TypeParam, GrumpkinSettings>) {
        TestFixture::IPA::compute_opening_proof(ck, opening_claim, prover_transcript);
    } else {
        KZG<Curve>::compute_opening_proof(ck, opening_claim, prover_transcript);
    }
 
    // Verifier side
    auto verifier_transcript = NativeTranscript::verifier_init_empty(prover_transcript);
 
    std::vector<Fr> padding_indicator_array(small_log_n, Fr{ 1 });
 
    auto batch_opening_claim =
        ShpleminiVerifier::compute_batch_opening_claim(
            padding_indicator_array, mock_claims.claim_batcher, u, this->vk().get_g1_identity(), verifier_transcript)
            .batch_opening_claim;
 
    // Verify claim - should fail because the random polynomial doesn't fold correctly
    if constexpr (std::is_same_v<TypeParam, GrumpkinSettings>) {
        // IPA throws an exception on verification failure
        EXPECT_THROW(
            TestFixture::IPA::reduce_verify_batch_opening_claim(batch_opening_claim, this->vk(), verifier_transcript),
            std::runtime_error);
    } else {
        const auto pairing_points =
            KZG<Curve>::reduce_verify_batch_opening_claim(std::move(batch_opening_claim), verifier_transcript);
        EXPECT_EQ(this->vk().pairing_check(pairing_points[0], pairing_points[1]), false);
    }
}
 
TYPED_TEST(ShpleminiTest, LibraConsistencyCheckFailsOnCorruptedEvaluation)
{
    using ZKData = ZKSumcheckData<TypeParam>;
    using Curve = typename TypeParam::Curve;
    using ShpleminiProver = ShpleminiProver_<Curve>;
    constexpr bool HasZK = true;
    using ShpleminiVerifier = ShpleminiVerifier_<Curve, HasZK>;
    using Fr = typename Curve::ScalarField;
    using Commitment = typename Curve::AffineElement;
    using CK = typename TypeParam::CommitmentKey;
 
    // Initialize transcript and commitment key
    auto prover_transcript = TypeParam::Transcript::prover_init_empty();
 
    // SmallSubgroupIPAProver requires at least CURVE::SUBGROUP_SIZE + 3 elements in the ck.
    static constexpr size_t log_subgroup_size = static_cast<size_t>(numeric::get_msb(Curve::SUBGROUP_SIZE));
    CK ck = create_commitment_key<CK>(std::max<size_t>(this->n, 1ULL << (log_subgroup_size + 1)));
 
    // Generate Libra polynomials, compute masked concatenated Libra polynomial, commit to it
    ZKData zk_sumcheck_data(this->log_n, prover_transcript, ck);
 
    // Generate multivariate challenge
    std::vector<Fr> mle_opening_point = this->random_evaluation_point(this->log_n);
 
    // Generate random prover polynomials, compute their evaluations and commitments
    MockClaimGenerator<Curve> mock_claims(this->n,
                                          /*num_polynomials*/ this->num_polynomials,
                                          /*num_to_be_shifted*/ this->num_shiftable,
                                          mle_opening_point,
                                          ck);
 
    // Compute the correct sum of the Libra constant term and Libra univariates evaluated at Sumcheck challenges
    const Fr claimed_inner_product = SmallSubgroupIPAProver<TypeParam>::compute_claimed_inner_product(
        zk_sumcheck_data, mle_opening_point, this->log_n);
 
    // CORRUPT: Malicious prover sends a corrupted evaluation via the transcript
    const Fr corrupted_inner_product = claimed_inner_product + Fr::random_element();
    prover_transcript->send_to_verifier("Libra:claimed_evaluation", corrupted_inner_product);
 
    // Instantiate SmallSubgroupIPAProver with the CORRECT value (prover's internal state is correct,
    // but the value sent to verifier is corrupted - simulating a cheating prover)
    SmallSubgroupIPAProver<TypeParam> small_subgroup_ipa_prover(
        zk_sumcheck_data, mle_opening_point, corrupted_inner_product, prover_transcript, ck);
    small_subgroup_ipa_prover.prove();
 
    // Reduce to KZG or IPA based on the curve used in the test Flavor
    const auto opening_claim = ShpleminiProver::prove(this->n,
                                                      mock_claims.polynomial_batcher,
                                                      mle_opening_point,
                                                      ck,
                                                      prover_transcript,
                                                      small_subgroup_ipa_prover.get_witness_polynomials());
 
    if constexpr (std::is_same_v<TypeParam, GrumpkinSettings>) {
        TestFixture::IPA::compute_opening_proof(this->ck(), opening_claim, prover_transcript);
    } else {
        KZG<Curve>::compute_opening_proof(this->ck(), opening_claim, prover_transcript);
    }
 
    // Initialize verifier's transcript
    auto verifier_transcript = NativeTranscript::verifier_init_empty(prover_transcript);
 
    // Start populating Verifier's array of Libra commitments
    std::array<Commitment, NUM_LIBRA_COMMITMENTS> libra_commitments = {};
    libra_commitments[0] =
        verifier_transcript->template receive_from_prover<Commitment>("Libra:concatenation_commitment");
 
    // Place Libra data to the transcript
    [[maybe_unused]] const Fr libra_total_sum = verifier_transcript->template receive_from_prover<Fr>("Libra:Sum");
    [[maybe_unused]] const Fr libra_challenge = verifier_transcript->template get_challenge<Fr>("Libra:Challenge");
    // Verifier receives the CORRUPTED evaluation from the transcript
    const Fr libra_evaluation = verifier_transcript->template receive_from_prover<Fr>("Libra:claimed_evaluation");
 
    // Finalize the array of Libra/SmallSubgroupIpa commitments
    libra_commitments[1] = verifier_transcript->template receive_from_prover<Commitment>("Libra:grand_sum_commitment");
    libra_commitments[2] = verifier_transcript->template receive_from_prover<Commitment>("Libra:quotient_commitment");
 
    // Run Shplemini - verifier uses the corrupted evaluation received from the transcript
    std::vector<Fr> padding_indicator_array(this->log_n, Fr{ 1 });
 
    auto shplemini_output = ShpleminiVerifier::compute_batch_opening_claim(padding_indicator_array,
                                                                           mock_claims.claim_batcher,
                                                                           mle_opening_point,
                                                                           this->vk().get_g1_identity(),
                                                                           verifier_transcript,
                                                                           {},
                                                                           libra_commitments,
                                                                           libra_evaluation);
 
    // Verify that consistency_checked is false due to corrupted Libra evaluation
    EXPECT_FALSE(shplemini_output.consistency_checked);
}
 
template <typename TypeParam>
void run_libra_tampering_test(ShpleminiTest<TypeParam>* test,
                              typename ShpleminiTest<TypeParam>::TamperedPolynomial tamper_polynomial,
                              typename ShpleminiTest<TypeParam>::TamperedCommitment tamper_commitment,
                              bool expected_consistency_checked)
{
    using TamperedPolynomial = typename ShpleminiTest<TypeParam>::TamperedPolynomial;
    using TamperedCommitment = typename ShpleminiTest<TypeParam>::TamperedCommitment;
    using ZKData = ZKSumcheckData<TypeParam>;
    using Curve = typename TypeParam::Curve;
    using ShpleminiProver = ShpleminiProver_<Curve>;
    constexpr bool HasZK = true;
    using ShpleminiVerifier = ShpleminiVerifier_<Curve, HasZK>;
    using Fr = typename Curve::ScalarField;
    using Commitment = typename Curve::AffineElement;
    using CK = typename TypeParam::CommitmentKey;
 
    auto prover_transcript = TypeParam::Transcript::prover_init_empty();
 
    static constexpr size_t log_subgroup_size = static_cast<size_t>(numeric::get_msb(Curve::SUBGROUP_SIZE));
    CK ck = create_commitment_key<CK>(std::max<size_t>(test->n, 1ULL << (log_subgroup_size + 1)));
 
    ZKData zk_sumcheck_data(test->log_n, prover_transcript, ck);
    std::vector<Fr> mle_opening_point = test->random_evaluation_point(test->log_n);
 
    MockClaimGenerator<Curve> mock_claims(test->n, test->num_polynomials, test->num_shiftable, mle_opening_point, ck);
 
    const Fr claimed_inner_product = SmallSubgroupIPAProver<TypeParam>::compute_claimed_inner_product(
        zk_sumcheck_data, mle_opening_point, test->log_n);
 
    prover_transcript->send_to_verifier("Libra:claimed_evaluation", claimed_inner_product);
 
    SmallSubgroupIPAProver<TypeParam> small_subgroup_ipa_prover(
        zk_sumcheck_data, mle_opening_point, claimed_inner_product, prover_transcript, ck);
    small_subgroup_ipa_prover.prove();
 
    auto witness_polynomials = small_subgroup_ipa_prover.get_witness_polynomials();
 
    // Optionally tamper with a witness polynomial
    if (tamper_polynomial != TamperedPolynomial::None) {
        witness_polynomials[static_cast<size_t>(tamper_polynomial)].at(0) += Fr::random_element();
    }
 
    const auto opening_claim = ShpleminiProver::prove(
        test->n, mock_claims.polynomial_batcher, mle_opening_point, ck, prover_transcript, witness_polynomials);
 
    if constexpr (std::is_same_v<TypeParam, GrumpkinSettings>) {
        ShpleminiTest<TypeParam>::IPA::compute_opening_proof(test->ck(), opening_claim, prover_transcript);
    } else {
        KZG<Curve>::compute_opening_proof(test->ck(), opening_claim, prover_transcript);
    }
 
    auto verifier_transcript = NativeTranscript::verifier_init_empty(prover_transcript);
 
    std::array<Commitment, NUM_LIBRA_COMMITMENTS> libra_commitments = {};
    libra_commitments[0] =
        verifier_transcript->template receive_from_prover<Commitment>("Libra:concatenation_commitment");
 
    [[maybe_unused]] const Fr libra_total_sum = verifier_transcript->template receive_from_prover<Fr>("Libra:Sum");
    [[maybe_unused]] const Fr libra_challenge = verifier_transcript->template get_challenge<Fr>("Libra:Challenge");
    const Fr libra_evaluation = verifier_transcript->template receive_from_prover<Fr>("Libra:claimed_evaluation");
 
    libra_commitments[1] = verifier_transcript->template receive_from_prover<Commitment>("Libra:grand_sum_commitment");
    libra_commitments[2] = verifier_transcript->template receive_from_prover<Commitment>("Libra:quotient_commitment");
 
    // Optionally tamper with a commitment
    if (tamper_commitment != TamperedCommitment::None) {
        auto idx = static_cast<size_t>(tamper_commitment);
        libra_commitments[idx] = libra_commitments[idx] + Commitment::one();
    }
 
    std::vector<Fr> padding_indicator_array(test->log_n, Fr{ 1 });
 
    auto [batch_opening_claim, consistency_checked] =
        ShpleminiVerifier::compute_batch_opening_claim(padding_indicator_array,
                                                       mock_claims.claim_batcher,
                                                       mle_opening_point,
                                                       test->vk().get_g1_identity(),
                                                       verifier_transcript,
                                                       {},
                                                       libra_commitments,
                                                       libra_evaluation);
 
    EXPECT_EQ(consistency_checked, expected_consistency_checked);
 
    // PCS verification should always fail when tampering occurred
    if constexpr (std::is_same_v<TypeParam, GrumpkinSettings>) {
        EXPECT_THROW(ShpleminiTest<TypeParam>::IPA::reduce_verify_batch_opening_claim(
                         batch_opening_claim, test->vk(), verifier_transcript),
                     std::runtime_error);
    } else {
        const auto pairing_points =
            KZG<Curve>::reduce_verify_batch_opening_claim(std::move(batch_opening_claim), verifier_transcript);
        EXPECT_FALSE(test->vk().pairing_check(pairing_points[0], pairing_points[1]));
    }
}
 
TYPED_TEST(ShpleminiTest, LibraQuotientPolynomialTamperingCausesVerificationFailure)
{
    using TamperedPolynomial = typename TestFixture::TamperedPolynomial;
    using TamperedCommitment = typename TestFixture::TamperedCommitment;
    // Consistency check fails because Q(r) is wrong
    run_libra_tampering_test(
        this, TamperedPolynomial::Quotient, TamperedCommitment::None, /*expected_consistency_checked=*/false);
}
 
TYPED_TEST(ShpleminiTest, LibraQuotientCommitmentTamperingCausesVerificationFailure)
{
    using TamperedPolynomial = typename TestFixture::TamperedPolynomial;
    using TamperedCommitment = typename TestFixture::TamperedCommitment;
    // Consistency check passes because evaluations are honest
    run_libra_tampering_test(
        this, TamperedPolynomial::None, TamperedCommitment::Quotient, /*expected_consistency_checked=*/true);
}
 
TYPED_TEST(ShpleminiTest, LibraGrandSumPolynomialTamperingCausesVerificationFailure)
{
    using TamperedPolynomial = typename TestFixture::TamperedPolynomial;
    using TamperedCommitment = typename TestFixture::TamperedCommitment;
    // Consistency check fails because A(r) and A(g*r) are wrong
    run_libra_tampering_test(
        this, TamperedPolynomial::GrandSum, TamperedCommitment::None, /*expected_consistency_checked=*/false);
}
 
TYPED_TEST(ShpleminiTest, LibraGrandSumCommitmentTamperingCausesVerificationFailure)
{
    using TamperedPolynomial = typename TestFixture::TamperedPolynomial;
    using TamperedCommitment = typename TestFixture::TamperedCommitment;
    // Consistency check passes because evaluations are honest
    run_libra_tampering_test(
        this, TamperedPolynomial::None, TamperedCommitment::GrandSum, /*expected_consistency_checked=*/true);
}
 
TYPED_TEST(ShpleminiTest, LibraConcatenatedPolynomialTamperingCausesVerificationFailure)
{
    using TamperedPolynomial = typename TestFixture::TamperedPolynomial;
    using TamperedCommitment = typename TestFixture::TamperedCommitment;
    // Consistency check fails because G(r) is wrong
    run_libra_tampering_test(
        this, TamperedPolynomial::Concatenated, TamperedCommitment::None, /*expected_consistency_checked=*/false);
}
 
TYPED_TEST(ShpleminiTest, LibraConcatenatedCommitmentTamperingCausesVerificationFailure)
{
    using TamperedPolynomial = typename TestFixture::TamperedPolynomial;
    using TamperedCommitment = typename TestFixture::TamperedCommitment;
    // Consistency check passes because evaluations are honest
    run_libra_tampering_test(
        this, TamperedPolynomial::None, TamperedCommitment::Concatenated, /*expected_consistency_checked=*/true);
}
 
} // namespace bb